Penggunaan So, So Far, By Far, Such, Such As, For Example, Because, Because of, Too dan Very
Perbedaan Antara So dan Such
Kata so biasanya diikuti oleh adjective atau adverb, sedangkan such biasanya diikuti oleh noun (singular ataupun plural). Apabila terdapat dua klausa dalam satu kalimat, kata so dan such dapat disertai dengan that atau pun tidak.
Contoh :
1. a. I didn't like the book. The story was so stupid.
b. I didn't like the book. It was such a stupid story.
Penulisan yang benar adalah such a/an + noun, bukan a/an such + noun.
2. a. I like Liz and Joe. They are so
nice.
b. I like Liz and Joe. They are such nice people.
3. It's difficult to understand him because he talks so quietly.
Quietly adalah adverb yang terbentuk dari adjective yang mendapat akhiran -ly. Dalam artikel Aturan Penggunaan Adverb (Kata Keterangan) kamu dapat mempelajari pembentukan adverb dengan akhiran -ly.
4. You always think good things are going to happen. You're such an optimist.
Optimist adalah noun yang terbentuk dari adjective yang mendapat akhiran -ist (suffix -ist). Adjective dari kata optimis adalah optimistic.
5. I’m tired because i got up at six. I don’t usually get up so early.
6. a. Somebody told me the house was built 100 years ago. I didn’t realise it was so old.
b. I didn’t realise it was such an old house.
7. a. I haven’t seen her for so long i’ve forgotten what she looks like.
b. I haven’t seen her for such a long time.
8. a. I didn’t know it was so far.
b. I didn’t know it was such a long way.
Kata so dapat diikuti oleh noun dengan meletakkan qualifier sebelum noun.
so + many/few + plural noun + that
b. I’m sorry i’m late. There was such a lot of traffic.
2. a. There was so many cats on the road.
b. There was such a lot of cats on the road.
Untuk kalimat sebab akibat kita dapat menggunakan rumus :
so + adjective/adverb + that
such + adjective + singular noun/plural noun + that
Contoh :
1. a. The book was so good that i
couldn't put it down.
b. It was such a
good book that i couldn't put it down.
2. I was so tired that i fell asleep
in the armchair.
3. It was such nice weather that we spent the whole day on the beach.
4. He trained so vigorously that he passed the selection.
Weather merupakan kata
benda yang tidak dapat dihitung, sehingga tidak bisa diawali dengan a/an.
Mengenai kata benda yang dapat diawali dengan a/an atau the dapat dipelajari
dalam artikel Penggunaan Articles (A, An Dan The) Dan Zero Articles
Dalam kalimat yang menyatakan tujuan dan hasil, kita dapat menggunakan so that di antara subject dan verb.
Contoh :
1. Many people littered at times so that the area around it became flooded.
2. The government provides social assistance to the community so that they can make ends meet for a few days.
Jika kalimat menyatakan kebiasaan, kamu dapat menggunakan ever so (selalu begitu) atau ever such (pernah seperti itu) dengan aturan yang sama, yaitu :
- So dapat diikuti adjective atau adverb tanpa disertai noun.
- Such dapat diikuti plural nouns atau singular nouns.
- Such dapat diikuti oleh uncountable nouns atau countable nouns.
- Such dapat diletakkan di awal kalimat.
Such di awal kalimat memiliki arti "(noun/nouns seperti itu)" atau "(noun/nouns semacam itu)".
Contoh :
1. Such food doesn't exist outside the country.
2. Such a person are usually good at talking.
3. Such expensive materials are not used in making clothes here.
Kata-kata yang bisa menggantikan "so", seperti that means, and now, because of that, which made dan as a result.
Contoh :
1. The teachers will attend the meeting that means the students can go home early.
2. The smell of the cake is so delicious, which made my stomach churn.
3. I'm already sleepy and now I'm going to sleep.
Kata so, too dan very dapat digunakan sebelum adjective atau adverb. Ketiga kata ini sebenarnya memiliki arti yang berbeda.
Kata so berarti “begitu”.
Contoh :
1. I hope so.
2. I was so happy.
3. She shouted so loudly.
4. Rana went to the Cecilia’s party, so did we.
5. I think so.
Kata too berarti “terlalu”. Tetapi, too juga dapat diartikan “juga” jika diletakkan di akhir kalimat.
Contoh :
1. He drives too fast last night.
2. She spoke too softly that i can’t hear her.
3. I like spicy food and she like it too.
4. These boxes are too heavy to carry.
5. The wallet was too big to put in my pocket.
6. She’s too young to have a driving licence.
7. There is too much furniture in this room.
Note penggunaan too :
- Verb diletakkan setelah kata to. Untuk itu, kata kerja yang biasa digunakan adalah verb1.
- Apabila subject berupa noun, maka kata it atau them di belakang kata kerja tidak perlu kembali digunakan.
Contoh : These boxes are too heavy to carry them. (salah)
- Kata too dapat diikuti dengan noun asalkan sebelum noun terdapat kata much atau many.
Untuk mengetahui perbedaan
penggunaan much dan many dapat dipelajari dalam artikel Penggunaan Much Dan Many
Kata very berarti “sangat”.
Contoh :
1. The bread is very soft.
2. He walks very quickly because he don’t want to be late.
Kata so digunakan untuk menyatakan akibat (result) dari suatu hal atau kejadian. Kata because digunakan untuk menyatakan sebab atau alasan (reason) dari suatu hal atau kejadian.
Berikut beberapa kalimat result :
a. I study guitar.
b. I’m doing an apprenticeship in a restaurant.
c. I’m going to university in Australia.
Berikut beberapa kalimat reason :
a. I love music.
b. I want to be a chef.
c. I want to learn English.
Sekarang kita mencoba membuat kalimat sebab akibat menggunakan so dan because dari tiga kalimat result dan tiga kalimat reason di atas.
1. I study guitar because i love music.
2. I’m doing an apprenticeship in a restaurant because i want to be a chef.
3. I’m going to university in Australia because i want to learn English.
4. I love music so i study guitar.
5. I want to be a chef so i’m doing an apprenticeship in a restaurant.
6. I want to learn English so i’m going to university in Australia.
Perbedaan Antara Because dan Because of
Setelah kata “ Because ” harus berbentuk kalimat yang setidaknya terdiri dari subject dan verb.
Setelah kata “ Because of ” tidak boleh berbentuk kalimat, hanya boleh noun atau noun phrase.
Because digunakan untuk menyatakan alasan.
Because of digunakan untuk meyatakan hasil dari suatu hal.
Because digunakan sebagai kata penghubung.
Because of digunakan sebagai kata depan (preposition) yang digunakan sebelum kata benda atau kata ganti.
Contoh :
1. I’m happy because my friends come to my home.
2. Because of heavy rain, my teacher did not come to school.
3. We wore the raincoat because of the rain.
4. I guess because i like cooking.
5. Because human ability is distributed unevenly and technology multiplies ability of the talented, the spread between the rich and poor will rise more and more.
6. During the national war, he was inactive because he was not needed.
Perbedaan Antara So Far dan By Far
Umumnya, kata so far digunakan dalam present perfect tense karena kata so far berfungsi untuk menjelaskan suatu hal atau kejadian yang awalnya terjadi di masa lampau, hingga hasilnya terlihat sampai saat ini.
Tetapi, kata so far juga dapat digunakan dalam tense lain asalkan konteks kalimatnya menjelaskan tentang suatu hal atau kejadian yang telah diamati sampai batas waktu tertentu (sejauh ini). Kata so far biasanya terletak di akhir kalimat.
Contoh :
a. She has worked hard so far.
b. He is the fastest runner so far.
Kata far juga dapat digunakan untuk kalimat perbandingan jika diawali dengan kata by.
Contoh :
a. She is by far more clever than her sister.
b. David is by far the best singer in the competition.
Penggunaan Such As
Such as berarti misalnya atau contohnya. Oleh karena itu, setelah kata such as, noun yang disebutkan lebih dari satu.
Contoh :
1. I like watch movies such as romance, comedy, science-fiction and mystery.
2. I buy daily necessities such as soap, detergent, shampoo, sugar, coffee, tea and cooking oil.
Perbedaan Such As dan For Example
For example dapat diletakkan di awal kalimat, sedangkan such as tidak bisa.
For example tidak dapat memisahkan klausa, sedangkan such as bisa. Oleh karena itu, jika kita menggunakan kata for example, maka kalimat berakhir setelah kita menyebutkan contohnya.
Contoh :
1. The shop sells various types of drinks such as milk tea, milk coffee, soft drinks, various coffees and various juices that are worth trying.
2. The shop sells various types of drinks that are worth trying, for example milk tea, milk coffee, soft drinks, various coffees and various juices.
3. I promise to make changes in my life. For example, I will start saving diligently.
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